Multistakeholder Agreements in Climate Governance and Energy Transition: The Dutch Energy Agreement

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This Secretariat paper examines national multistakeholder agreements in energy and climate governance. These refer to negotiated agreements setting out national long-term energy and climate objectives which include a range of stakeholders, from social, economic and environmental actors to political parties. The paper focuses in particular on the 2013 Dutch Energy Agreement between the social partners, environmental groups, government and local authorities. Political agreements have been used in other countries, including Sweden and Denmark. The paper explores some of the drivers, characteristics and processes in the development of this Dutch Energy Agreement, with a view to gaining further understanding the potential value of multistakeholder agreements as strategic tools for the low carbon transition.